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How early attachment shapes behaviour
Early attachment research has found that attachment patterns established in childhood can lead to a number of different outcomes. For example, children who are securely attached as infants tend to develop stronger self-esteem and resilience. They also tend to be more independent, develop relationships, and experience less depression and anxiety.
British Psychologist John Bowlby described attachment as, ‘Lasting psychological connectness between human beings’. it is the emotional bond between two people and Bowlby believed that this bond formed by young children with their primary care givers. The child needs to know that the care giver is dependable as this creates a stable base from which the child explores their world.
Research has suggested there are different patterns of attachment which are as follows.
1 Secure Attachment – this is when a child feel secure with their parent. They may feel distressed when separated but are assured the parent will return.
2. Ambivalent Attachment – the child may become very distressed when the parent leaves and don’t feel aren’t sure of they’ll return or not. They can’t depend on the parent to be there when they’re needed.
3. Avoidant Attachment – these children tend to see no difference between a parent and a stranger and will avoid both. This is usually a result of neglect or if the child has experienced punishment for needing help.
4. Disorganized Attachment – this involves confusion, a mix of behaviours and attitudes. Research suggests that this could be a result of inconsistent messages from parents.
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This article was written by sentientcounselling